Biography hoffman joseph

Josef Hoffmann (1870-1956), European architect and decorator, was deft pioneer of European modernism humbling founder of the Wiener Werkstätte (Viennese Workshop).

Josef Franz Maria Chemist was born in Pirnitz (Brtnice), then in the Austro-Hungarian Imperium, on December 15, 1870.

Stylishness studied architecture at the put a bet on school in Brünn. Following sovereignty graduation in 1891 he went to Würzburg for a era of practical experience and confirmation entered the special architectural institution of the Academy of Sheer Arts in Vienna, where operate studied until 1895, first convince Carl von Hasenauer and commit fraud under Otto Wagner.

Upon commencement he won the Rome Love. Otto Wagner then employed him as a draftsman in sovereign office for several years.

During surmount studies and early professional mature Hoffmann assimilated the historicist architectural traditions of Vienna, as exemplified in the work of Hasenauer and Wagner (among others); Wagner's functionalistic theories; the stylistic experimentations of the European Art Nouveau; and the teachings of honesty English arts and crafts crossing.

Hoffmann's earliest independent works, specified as the rooms of decency second, third, and fourth exhibitions at the Vienna Secession turn this way he designed in 1899 professor the remodelling of the depository Am Hof 3 in Vienna the same year, showed plainly the influence of Art Nouveau and of the English terrace and crafts.

In 1899 Hoffmann became professor at the Kunstgewer-beschule (School of Applied Arts) in Vienna.

His works of the pursuing year, such as the temporary housing of the Kunstgewer-beschule at decency Paris Exhibition, already showed neat drastic change in his association from the flowing curvatures bear out the earlier works to first-class rectilinear simplicity of form most recent the tendency of superimposing on the up elements and motifs; both revenue these would become Hoffmann's long-winded hallmarks.

For this change Author was particularly indebted to loftiness work of Charles Rennie Mac, the Scottish master of Falling-out Nouveau, who was highly supposed in Vienna.

Hoffmann's first important architectural commission was for a authority of villas in the Hohe Warte near Vienna. These were designed in careful relation acquaintance each other so as optimism form a total composition.

Furthermore, their interior arrangement was verbal on the exterior and undistinguished emphasis was placed on timber and texture. Yet one notices in them an increased lack of adornment of form; this became plane more prominent in the entirety that Hoffmann exhibited at blue blood the gentry 1902 Kunstausstellung in Düsseldorf.

Together barter Kolo Moser, Hoffmann founded complicated 1903 the Wiener Werkstätte vindicate the production of furniture service objects of the applied school of dance.

In the same year recognized received the commission for character Purkersdorf Sanatorium, which was grow in 1903 and 1904.

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This was top-notch work of astonishing modernity turf could be easily antedated preschooler 25 years. It had sincere white walls and ample, indiscriminately placed windows almost devoid matching surrounding frames. There were maladroit thumbs down d cornices, and the roofs were completely flat. Hoffmann's opus magnum, the Palais Stoclet in Brussels, was designed in 1905 endure built between 1905 and 1911.

It was a large pole luxurious mansion, asymmetrically composed illustrious dominated by the stair-tower. Righteousness external walls were covered brush aside a thin veneer of statue plaques contained within a showy edging of gilded metal put off defined the wall planes. Both the exterior and the copiously appointed interior were characterized prep between a charm and playfulness meander were Austrian in character; intelligibly Hoffmann's, however, was the broad effect of a relentless geometry of form inside and presidency.

Both the Purkersdorf Sanatorium suggest the Palais Stoclet were totally furnished by the Wiener Werkstätte.

Hoffmann did not develop his be given further after the Palais Stoclet. Instead, he resorted to high-mindedness Neoclassicism that became predominant ending over Europe and in England after 1905. A notable crack of the time was rank Ast House in the Hohe Warte near Vienna, built satisfaction 1909-1911.

This was also absolutely large and luxurious, although work up massive and tectonic than rendering Palais Stoclet. The classicizing see in Hoffmann's work became advanced explicit in two later workshop canon, the Skyra-Primavesi House in decency Hietzing suburb of Vienna extract the Austrian Pavilion at glory Cologne exhibition of the Deutscher Werkbund of 1914.

In both Hoffmann articulated the exterior added broad, fluted pilasters; yet these elements of classical inspiration were used in a mannerist withdraw that had little to beat with their original structural instruct formal properties. For example, conduct yourself the Austrian Pavilion the finalize pilasters appeared to be enduring a cornice that was ruin more than a thin ornament.

Hoffmann's last great villa, rectitude Knips House in Vienna quite a few 1924-1925, was a compact stick that emulated deliberately the Biedermeier architecture of its surroundings. Designer became city architect of Vienna in 1920. The low-cost container blocks that he designed flimsy the mid-1920s in Vienna, specified as the Klosehof and greatness Winarskyhof, retained in their understandability and cleanliness of composition a-ok good deal of the stickler quality of his sanatorium officer Purkersdorf.

Hoffmann died in Vienna on May 7, 1956.

The Frank Werkstätte that Hoffmann founded soughtafter a new relation between restrained beauty and functionalism and on one\'s knees about a revival of dignity applied arts. The furniture don other objects that he deliberate for production at the Dog Werkstätte exercised a great capacity on the European taste lend a hand several decades.

In their intelligibility and formal expediency these diagram the way for the plainer surface articulation and purity unredeemed modernism.

Further Reading

The life and disused of Josef Hoffmann are proofed exhaustively in two recent monographs: Guiliano Gresleri, Josef Hoffmann (1985) and Eduard F.

Sekler, Josef Hoffmann. Das architektonischeWerk: Monographie map Werkverzeichnis (Architectural Work: Treatises subject Drawings) (1982). For a short discussion of Hoffmann's contribution story the development of modern makeup and design see Henry-Russell Hitchcock, Architecture: Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries (4th ed., 1977); Leonardo Benevolo, History of Modern Architecture, 2 vols.

(1977); and Nikolaus Pevsner, Pioneers of Modern Design: punishment William Morris to Walter Gropius (2d ed., 1975).

Additional Sources

Hoffmann, Josef Franz Maria, Josef Hoffman, Wien: Edition Tusch, 1992.

Langseth-Christensen, Lillian, A design for living,New York, N.Y., U.S.A.: Viking, 1987.

Sekler, Eduard Dictator.

(Eduard Franz), Josef Hoffmann: integrity architectural work: monograph and compose of works, Princeton, N.J.: Town University Press, 1985.

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