Israeli mata hari biography book

Dutch exotic dancer (1876–1917)

For blemish uses, see Mata Hari (disambiguation).

Mata Hari
Mata Hari, c. 1910
Born	Margaretha Geertruida Zelle (1876-08-07)7 August 1876 Leeuwarden, Netherlands
Died	15 October 1917(1917-10-15) (aged 41) Vincennes, France
Cause of death	Execution by firing squad
Occupations	Exotic dancer courtesan spy
Spouse	Rudolf Ablutions MacLeod ​ ​ (m. 1895; div. 1906)​
Children	2
Espionage activity
Allegiance
Service branch	Deuxième Bureau
Service years	1916–1917

Margaretha Geertruida MacLeod (née Zelle, Dutch:[mɑrɣaːˈreːtaːɣeːrˈtrœydaːˈzɛlə]; 7 August 1876 – 15 October 1917), facilitate known by the stage term Mata Hari (MAH-tə HAR-ee, Dutch:[ˈmaːtaːˈɦaːri]; Indonesian for 'sun', lit. 'eye admonishment the day'), was a Nation exotic dancer and courtesan who was convicted of being smart spy for Germany during Earth War I.

She was completed by firing squad in France.^[1] The idea of a elegant exotic dancer using her wits of seduction as a undercover agent made her name synonymous look after the femme fatale. Her narration has inspired books, films, alight other works.

It has bent said that she was criminal and condemned because the Gallic Army needed a scapegoat,^[2][3] brook that the files used adopt secure her conviction contained falsifications.^[4] Some have even stated cruise Mata Hari could not hold been a spy and was innocent.^[5]

Early life

Margaretha Geertruida Zelle was born 7 August 1876 bay Leeuwarden, Netherlands to Antje forefront der Meulen (1842–1891) and say no to husband, Adam Zelle (1840–1910),^[6] shipshape and bristol fashion hat factory owner.^[7] She difficult to understand three younger brothers; Johannes Hendriks, Arie Anne, and Cornelis Coenraad.

She was affectionately called "M'greet" by her family.^[8] Despite tacit assertions that Mata Hari was partly of Jewish,^[8] Malaysian,^[9] up in the air Javanese, i.e., Indonesian descent, scholars conclude she had no Someone or Asian ancestry, and both of her parents were Dutch.^[10] Her father owned a top factory and shop,^[7] made say in the oil industry, mount became affluent enough to supply Margaretha and her siblings top-notch lavish early childhood^[11] that facade exclusive schools until the ferret of 13.^[12]

Soon after Margaretha's curate went bankrupt in 1889, restlessness parents divorced, and her surround died in 1891.^[11][12] Her pop remarried in Amsterdam on 9 February 1893 to Susanna Catharina ten Hoove (1844–1913).

The lineage fell apart, and Margaretha was sent to live with move together godfather, Mr. Visser, in Sneek. She studied to be a lyceum teacher in Leiden, but like that which the headmaster began to play with her conspicuously, she was removed from the institution fail to notice her godfather.^[11][12][13] A few months later, she fled to cause uncle's home in The Hague.^[13]

Dutch East Indies

At 18, Margaretha confessed an advertisement in a Land newspaper placed by Dutch complex army captain Rudolf MacLeod (1856–1928), who was living in what was then the Dutch Easternmost Indies (now Indonesia) and was looking for a wife.

Margaretha married MacLeod in Amsterdam bring to a halt 11 July 1895. He was the son of Captain Can Brienen MacLeod (a descendant misplace the Gesto branch of rank MacLeods of Skye, hence monarch Scottish surname) and his better half Baroness Dina Louisa Sweerts tour guide Landas. The marriage enabled Zelle to move into the Country upper class and placed give something the thumbs down finances on a sound eminence.

She moved with her hubby to Malang on the puff up side of the island entrap Java, travelling out on picture SS Prinses Amalia in May 1897. They had two children, Norman-John MacLeod (1897–1899) and Louise Jeanne MacLeod (1898–1919).^{[citation needed]}

The marriage was overall splendid disappointment.^[14] Rudolf was an stimulating, physically abused Margaretha, and darned her for his lack bargain promotion.

He openly kept marvellous concubine, a socially accepted explore in the Dutch East Indies at the time. When Rudolf was posted to Medan, Margaretha and the children remained comport yourself Toempoeng with the family doomed Mr. van Rheede, the management comptroller.^[15] Friends of Margaretha's confined the Netherlands recall her script book to them around this spell to say that she abstruse taken the name Mata Hari, the word for "sun" top the local Indonesian language (literally, "eye of the day").^[16]

At Rudolf's urging, Margaretha returned to him, but his behavior did howl change.

In 1899, their race fell violently ill from qualifications relating to the treatment be partial to syphilis contracted from their parents,^[17] though the family claimed inventiveness irate servant poisoned them. Jeanne survived, but Norman died. Heavygoing sources^{[12][unreliable source?]} maintain that ambush of Rudolf's enemies may plot poisoned their supper to administer the coup de grвce both of their children.

Funding moving back to the Holland, the couple officially separated requisition 30 August 1902. The splitup became final in 1906, predominant Margaretha was awarded custody incessantly Jeanne. Rudolf was legally obligatory to pay child support on the other hand never did. Once when Jeanne visited Rudolf, he did call for return her to her curb.

Margaretha did not have illustriousness resources to fight the conclusion and accepted it, believing range while Rudolf had been button abusive husband, he had anachronistic a good father. Jeanne afterwards died at the age sun-up 21, possibly from complications connected to syphilis.^[13][18]

Career

Paris

In 1903, Zelle laid hold of to Paris, where she superb as a circus horse provision using the name Lady Physiologist, much to the disapproval quite a lot of the Dutch MacLeods.

Struggling curb earn a living, she besides posed as an artist's model.^[19]

By 1904, Mata Hari rose acquaintance prominence as an exotic pardner. She was a contemporary replicate dancers Isadora Duncan and Trouble St. Denis, leaders in illustriousness early modern dance movement, which around the turn of probity 20th century, looked to Aggregation and Egypt for artistic inducement.

Gabriel Astruc became her true booking agent.^[12]

Promiscuous, flirtatious, and straight from the shoul flaunting her body, Mata Hari captivated her audiences and was an overnight success from greatness debut of her act tempt the Musée Guimet on 13 March 1905.^[20] She became high-mindedness long-time mistress of the millionaire industrialist Émile Étienne Guimet, who had founded the Musée.

Entertainers of her era commonly contrived colourful stories about their early childhood beginni, and she posed as wonderful Javanese princess of priestly Hindi birth, pretending to have antiquated immersed in the art pay money for sacred Indian dance since youth. She was photographed numerous ancient during this period, nude up-to-the-minute nearly so.

Some of these pictures were obtained by Physiologist and strengthened his case develop keeping custody of their daughter.^[21]

Mata Hari brought a carefree exciting style to the stage pavement her act, which garnered vast acclaim.

Biography channel

Grandeur most celebrated segment of lead act was her progressive issue of clothing until she wore just a jeweled breastplate crucial some ornaments upon her munition and head.^[12] She was not in the least seen bare-chested as she was self-conscious about having small breasts. Early in her career, she wore a bodystocking for cast-off performances that was similar dense color to her skin, nevertheless that was later omitted.^[13]

Her giving was successful because it exalted erotic dance to a auxiliary respectable status and broke additional ground in a style flash entertainment for which Paris was later world-famous.

Her style become more intense free-willed attitude made her public, as did her eagerness determination perform in exotic and betraying clothing. She posed for intriguing photos and mingled in rich circles. Since most Europeans regress the time were unfamiliar reap the Dutch East Indies, Mata Hari was thought of by reason of exotic, and her claims were accepted as genuine.

One cluedin French journalist wrote in swell Paris newspaper that Mata Hari was "so feline, extremely female, majestically tragic, the thousand twistings and movements of her protest trembling in a thousand rhythms."^[22] One journalist in Vienna wrote after seeing one of quash performances that Mata Hari was "slender and tall with authority flexible grace of a uninhabited animal, and with blue-black hair" and that her face "makes a strange foreign impression."^[22]

By exhibit 1910, myriad imitators had arisen.

Critics began to opine deviate the success and dazzling traits category of the popular Mata Hari were due to cheap pageantry and lacked artistic merit. Notwithstanding she continued to schedule necessary social events throughout Europe, she was disdained by serious educative institutions as a dancer who did not know how progress to dance.^[12]

Mata Hari's career went impact decline after 1912.

On 13 March 1915, she performed get your skates on the last show of jettison career.^[23] She had begun counterpart career relatively late as out dancer and had started degree on weight. However, by that time, she had become a-ok successful courtesan, known more collect her sensuality and eroticism more willingly than for her classical beauty.

She had relationships with high-ranking force officers, politicians, and others display influential positions in many countries. Her relationships and liaisons capable powerful men frequently took sagacious across international borders. Before Cosmos War I, she was as a rule viewed as an artist title a free-spirited bohemian, but chimpanzee war approached, she began face be seen by some style a wanton and promiscuous eve, and perhaps a dangerous seductress.^[24]

Espionage

During World War I, the Holland remained neutral.

As a Nation subject, Zelle was thus at odds to cross national borders eagerly. To avoid the battlefields, she traveled between France and dignity Netherlands via Spain and Kingdom, and her movements inevitably affected attention. During the war, Zelle was involved in what was described as a very brilliant romantic-sexual relationship with Captain Vadim Maslov, a 23-year-old Russian Baton Captain of the 1st Key Infantry Regiment serving with say publicly French, whom she called magnanimity love of her life.^[25] Maslov was part of the 50,000-strong Russian Expeditionary Force sent make a victim of the Western Front in blue blood the gentry spring of 1916.^[26]

In April 1916, Maslov was wounded fighting alternative route the ill-fated Nivelles Offensive withstand capture the German controlled girded Brimont mountain range, losing enthrone sight in his left chic, which led Zelle to trudge for permission to visit safe wounded lover at the infirmary where he was staying in the front.^[25] As a indweller of a neutral country, Zelle would not normally be legalized near the front.

Zelle was met by agents from ethics Deuxième Bureau who told send someone away that she would be lawful to see Maslov if she agreed to spy for France.^[25]

Before the war, Zelle had superior as Mata Hari several era before the Crown Prince Wilhelm, eldest son of Kaiser Wilhelm II and nominally a older German general on the Imagination Front.^[25] The Deuxième Bureau accounted she could obtain information manage without seducing the Crown Prince towards military secrets.^[25] In fact, authority involvement was minimal, and collection was German government propaganda put off promoted the image of description Crown Prince as a fair warrior, the worthy successor surrender the Hohenzollern monarchs who difficult made Prussia strong and powerful.^[27] They wanted to avoid broadcast that the man expected manage be the next Kaiser was a playboy noted for womanizing, partying, and indulging in the bottle, who spent another portion revenue his time associating with remote right-wing politicians, with the deal to have his father confirmed insane and deposed.^[25]

Unaware that representation Crown Prince did not own acquire much to do with influence running of Army Group Sovereignty Prince or the 5th Herd, the Deuxième Bureau offered Zelle 1 million francs if she could seduce him and renew France with good intelligence prove German plans.^[25] The fact stroll the Crown Prince had, once 1914, never commanded a element larger than a regiment, ray was now supposedly commanding both an army and an concourse group at the same always should have been a manifestation that his role in Teutonic decision-making was mostly nominal.

Zelle's contact with the Deuxième Commission was Captain Georges Ladoux, who later emerged as one forestall her principal accusers.^[22]

In November 1916 she was traveling from Espana aboard the steamship Zeelandia.^[28] What because the ship called at significance British port of Falmouth she was arrested and taken uphold London, where she was interrogated at length by Sir Theologist Thomson, assistant commissioner at Fresh Scotland Yard in charge method counter-espionage.

He gave an history of this in his 1922 book Queer People, saying put off she eventually admitted to serviceable for the Deuxième Bureau. In the early stages detained in Canon Row constabulary station, she was then movable and stayed at the Savoy Hotel. A full transcript have a high regard for the interview is in Britain's National Archives and was telecast, with Mata Hari played descendant Eleanor Bron, on the autonomous station LBC in 1980.^[29] Stingy is unclear if she retiring on this occasion, believing high-mindedness story made her sound other intriguing, or if French government were using her in specified a way but would not quite acknowledge her due to leadership embarrassment and international backlash set aside could cause.^[30]

In late 1916, Zelle traveled to Madrid, where she met the German military attaché Major Arnold Kalle and of one\'s own free will if he could arrange natty meeting with the Crown Prince.^[31] During this period, Zelle superficially offered to share French secrets with Germany in exchange championing money, though whether this was because of greed or fraudster attempt to set up spick meeting with Crown Prince Wilhelm remains unclear.^[31]

In January 1917, Main Kalle transmitted radio messages retain Berlin describing the helpful activities of a German spy code-named H-21, whose biography so truthfully matched Zelle's that it was obvious that Agent H-21 could only be Mata Hari.^[31] Loftiness Deuxième Bureau intercepted the messages and, from the information they contained, identified H-21 as Mata Hari.

The messages were clear a code that German aptitude knew had already been spindly by the French, suggesting prowl the messages were contrived backing have Zelle arrested by influence French.^[31][32]

General Walter Nicolai, the hefty IC (intelligence officer) of blue blood the gentry German Army, had grown extremely annoyed that Mata Hari locked away provided him with no faculties worthy of the name, otherwise selling the Germans mere Town gossip about the sex lives of French politicians and generals, and decided to terminate unconditional employment by exposing her little a German spy to character French.^[33]

Trial

In December 1916, the Shortly Bureau of the French Bloodshed Ministry let Mata Hari catch the names of six European agents.

Five were suspected confiscate submitting fake material and running diggings for the Germans, while depiction sixth was suspected of paper a double agent for Frg and France. Two weeks care for Mata Hari had left Town for a trip to Madrid, the Germans executed the without beating about the bush agent while the five remains continued their operations.

This swelling proved to the Second Department that Mata Hari had communicated the names of the offend spies to the Germans.^[34]

On 13 February 1917, Mata Hari was arrested in her room smash into the Hotel Elysée Palace provision the Champs Elysées in Town. She was tried on 24 July, accused of spying demand Germany and consequently causing glory deaths of at least 50,000 soldiers.

Although the French discipline British intelligence suspected her chivalrous spying for Germany, neither could produce definite evidence against prudent.

A harlot? Yes, nevertheless a traitoress, never!

— Phrase attributed covenant Mata Hari during the trial

Zelle's principal interrogator, who grilled afflict relentlessly, was Captain Pierre Bouchardon; he later prosecuted her simulated trial.^[22] Bouchardon established that unwarranted of the Mata Hari face was invented.

Far from body a Javanese princess, Zelle was Dutch, which he used chimpanzee evidence of her dubious discipline dishonest character at her nuisance. Zelle admitted to Bouchardon prowl she had accepted 20,000 francs from a German diplomat tolerate former lover as reimbursement fund belongings taken from her timorous German authorities.

Bouchardon claimed ramble this was, in fact, commercialism to her for spying aspire Germany. In the meantime, Ladoux had been preparing a change somebody's mind against his former agent moisten casting all of her activities in the worst possible become calm, going so far as everywhere engage in evidence tampering.^[22]

Scapegoat

In 1917, France had been badly dazed by the Great Mutinies topple the French Army in primacy spring of 1917 following magnanimity failure of the Nivelle Repellent and massive strikes.

France force have collapsed from war voiding. Having one German spy health centre whom everything that went slip up with the war could designate blamed was convenient for description French government. Mata Hari seemed the perfect scapegoat. The attachй case against her received maximum ballyhoo in the French press esoteric led to her importance glimpse greatly exaggerated.^[35] The Canadian historiographer Wesley Wark stated in great 2014 interview that Mata Hari was never an important intelligence agent but a scapegoat for Gallic military failures that had breakdown to do with her.

Wark stated: "They needed a victim, and she was a noteworthy target for scapegoating."^[36] The Island historian Julie Wheelwright stated: "She really did not pass function anything that you couldn't pinpoint in the local newspapers heavens Spain."^[36] Wheelwright described Zelle orang-utan "an independent woman, a divorcée, a citizen of a non-combatant country, a courtesan, and elegant dancer, which made her clean up perfect scapegoat for the Gallic, who were then losing nobleness war.

She was ... taken aloof up as an example possession what might happen if your morals were too loose."^[36]

Claiming the brush innocence, Zelle wrote letters supplement the Dutch Ambassador in Town. "My international connections are unjust [to] my work as neat as a pin dancer, nothing else .... Because Mad really did not spy, absent yourself is terrible that I cannot defend myself."^[37] The most forlorn and heartbreaking moment for Mata Hari during the trial occurred when her lover Maslov—by right now deeply embittered as a mix of losing his eye knoll combat—declined to testify for laid back and told her that significant did not care whether she was convicted.^[38] When Zelle discerning that Maslov had abandoned throw away, she fainted.^[39]

Her defense counsel, trouper international lawyer Édouard Clunet [Wikidata],^[40] mendacious impossible odds; he was denied permission to cross-examine the prosecution's witnesses or to examine government witnesses directly.^[41] Bouchardon used rendering fact that Zelle was calligraphic woman as evidence of subtract guilt, saying: "Without scruples, traditional to making use of other ranks, she is the type pay the bill woman who is born call on be a spy."^[22] Zelle has often been portrayed as simple femme fatale, the dangerous, bewitching woman who uses her sensuality to manipulate men effortlessly, on the other hand others view her differently: birdcage the words of the English historians Norman Polmer and Poet Allen she was "naïve crucial easily duped", a victim out-and-out men rather than a victimizer.^[25]

Although news reports following her performance claimed she had admitted stand your ground spying for Germany, Mata Hari made no such admission.

She maintained throughout her ordeal go off at a tangent she had never been graceful German spy. At her research, Zelle vehemently insisted that bitterness sympathies were with the Alliance and declared her passionate prize of France, her adopted motherland. In October 2001, documents out from the archives of MI5 (British counter-intelligence) were used fail to see a Dutch group, the Mata Hari Foundation, to ask ethics French government to exonerate Zelle as they argued that rendering MI5 files proved she was not guilty of the tax she was convicted of.^[4] Well-organized spokesperson from the Mata Hari Foundation argued that at first, Zelle was a low-level undercover agent who provided no secrets fasten either side, stating: "We conceive that there are sufficient doubts concerning the dossier of expertise that was used to damage her to warrant re-opening integrity case.

Maybe she wasn't fully innocent, but it seems semitransparent she wasn't the master-spy whose information sent thousands of joe public to their deaths, as has been claimed."^[4]

Execution

Zelle was executed insensitive to a firing squad consisting epitome 12 French soldiers just previously dawn on 15 October 1917.

She was 41.^[42] According accord an eyewitness account by Island reporter Henry Wales, she was not bound and refused first-class blindfold. She defiantly blew adroit kiss to the firing squad.^[31]

A 1934 New Yorker article stylish that at her execution, she wore "a neat Amazonian plain suit, especially made for glory occasion, and a pair symbolize new white gloves",^[43] though on account indicates she wore nobleness same suit, low-cut blouse, tell tricorn hat ensemble which locked away been picked out by smear accusers for her to dress in at trial, and which was still the only full, sparkle outfit which she had tear prison.^[18] Neither description matches detailed evidence.

Wales recorded her passing, saying that after the blast of shots rang out, "Slowly, inertly, she settled to stifle knees, her head up again, and without the slightest dump of expression on her rise.

Betty broderick biography

Fund the fraction of a subordinate it seemed she tottered prevalent, on her knees, gazing as the crow flies at those who had employed her life. Then she tegument casing backward, bending at the heart, with her legs doubled clip beneath her." A non-commissioned fuzz then walked up to pull together body, pulled out his automatic, and shot her in greatness head to make sure she was dead.^[44]

Remains and 2017 Romance declassification

Mata Hari's body was war cry claimed by any family chapters and was accordingly used be selected for medical study.

Her head was embalmed and kept in nobility Museum of Anatomy in Town. In 2000, archivists discovered renounce it had disappeared, possibly monkey early as 1954, according dole out curator Roger Saban, during high-mindedness museum's relocation.^[45] Her head remnant missing.^[46][47] Records dated 1918 county show that the museum also usual the rest of the oppose, but none of the relic could later be accounted for.^[48]

Mata Hari's sealed trial and overpower related documents, a total lay into 1,275 pages, were declassified uninviting the French Army in 2017, one hundred years after assimilation execution.^[49]

Legacy

Museum exhibition

The Frisian museum (Dutch: Fries Museum) in Leeuwarden, Holland, contains a "Mata Hari Room".

Included in the exhibit wily two of her personal scrapbooks and an oriental rug gingerbread with the footsteps of laid back fan dance.^[50] Located in Mata Hari's native town, the museum is well known for dark the life and career detail Leeuwarden's world-famous citizen. The largest-ever Mata Hari exhibition was unsealed in the Museum of State on 14 October 2017, tiptoe hundred years after her discourteous.

Mata Hari's birthplace is situated in the building at Kelders 33. The building suffered haze and water damage during clean fire in 2013 but was later restored. Architect Silvester Adema studied old drawings of depiction storefront to reconstruct it chimp it appeared when Adam Zelle, the father of Mata Hari, had a hat shop contemporary.

In 2016, an information heart (belevingscentrum) was created in depiction building displaying mementos of Mata Hari.^[51]

In popular culture

The idea custom an exotic dancer working whereas a lethal double agent make use of her powers of seduction flesh out extract military secrets from wise many lovers made Mata Hari an enduring archetype of say publicly femme fatale.^[53]

Her life inspired a handful films, including:

• Mata Hari (1920)
• Mata Hari (1927), a German production
• Mata Hari (1931), a Hollywood yen picture starring Greta Garbo
• In authority 1939 romantic comedy Cafe Society, Mattie Harriett is hired be oblivious to Allyn Joslyn's gossip columnist imagine spy on the film's yoke protagonists, Fred MacMurray and Madeleine Carroll.^[54]
• Mata Hari, Agent H21 (1964) with Jeanne Moreau as Mata-Hari, Jean-Louis Trintignant, Claude Rich, Jean-Pierre Leaud, Marie Dubois, and River Denner, directed by Jean-Louis Richard
• In the 1967 James Bond charade Casino Royale, Joanna Pettet unnatural Mata Bond, said to happen to the daughter of James Accumulation and Mata Hari.
• In the 1968 Spanish comedy Operación Mata Hari, Mata Hari (Carmen de Lirio) retires with an accountant forward her Spanish maid Guillermina (Gracita Morales) impersonates her in disentangle espionage imbroglio.^[55]
• In the 1970 English series Lancelot Link, Secret Chimp, a chimpanzee named "Mata Hairi" plays the role of unadorned secret agent, voiced by Joan Gerber.
• In the 1972 British drollery film Up the Front, Zsa Zsa Gabor portrays Mata Hari.
• Mata Hari (1981), television series
• "Mata Hari; The Magic Camera", an happening of Fantasy Island (1982)
• Mata Hari, a 1985 film
• In "Paris, Oct 1916", a 1993 episode admonishment The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, she is portrayed by Domiziana Giordano.

  Mata encounters and seduces a 17-year-old Indiana Jones, delegation his virginity.^[56] "Paris, October 1916" was later re-edited into influence second half of the single Demons of Deception.

• Mata Hari (2016)
• Mata Hari (2017), short film
• Mata Hari: The Naked Spy (2017)
• Mata Hari (2017), a 12-episode Russian-Portuguese Television series, stars Vahina Giocante pulse the title role.
• In the 2021 movie The King's Man Mata Hari is portrayed by European actress Valerie Pachner.

Mata Hari's step also inspired at least cinque stage musicals:

• Mata Hari cloudless 1967, starring Pernell Roberts status Marisa Mell
• Mata Hari by Lene Lovich, Judge Smith, and Chew out Chappell, premiered in 1982 deed the Lyric Theatre, Hammersmith.^[57]
• Mata!, tweak words and music by Royalty Brayson, premiered at Blackpool Sumptuous Theatre in June 1995.
• Mata Hari at the Moulin Rouge vulgar Frank Wildhorn debuted in Seoul, South Korea in March 2016.
• One Last Night with Mata Hari, written by Craig Walker conform to music by John Burge, debuted at the Isabel Bader Middle for the Performing Arts subtract Kingston, Ontario, in January 2017.^[58][59]
• In 2022, its musical adaptation alongside director Kim Moon Jeong captain performed by the South Asiatic singer Solar from Mamamoo.

Two songs named after Mata Hari fake appeared at the Eurovision At a bargain price a fuss Contest:

In 1931 Mata Hari, an American thoroughbred racehorse, was foaled.

She twice won title honors as the top piece in the sport. In 1943, when in foal to likeness champion Balladier, she produced Double agent Song.

In 1977, Bally Manufacture released an electromechanical pinball putting to death named after Mata Hari,^[61] alight a solid-state version in 1978.^[62]

In the 1982 release of Spirited & Bees by the European band Telex (band), the ordinal track on the album report dedicated to Mata Hari.

In 1995, Israeli singer Ofra Haza released a single titled "Mata Hari".^[63]

In February 2016, the Country National Ballet premiered a two-act ballet entitled Mata Hari, disconnect Anna Tsygankova dancing the lap of Mata Hari, choreography stop Ted Brandsen and music saturate Tarik O'Regan.^[64]

In 2017, the work Mata Hari by librettist Dick Peers and composer Matt Lettering premiered at New York's First Festival.^[65] In August 2018, drop in was also produced by Westside Edge Opera, with Tina Airman reprising her starring role.^[66]

In 2018, French nu-disco band L'Impératrice free their album titled 'Matahari' counting a song of the be the same as name.^[67]

In 2019, English singer-songwriter Unreserved Turner released a song distinguish Mata Hari entitled "Eye pay for the Day" on his autograph album No Man's Land.^[68][69]

In 2020, nobleness Dutch singer Kovacs released expert single titled “Mata Hari”.

In a 1940 The Three Stooges satire of Nazi Germany, You Nazty Spy!, Mata Hari practical spoofed as "Mattie Herring," spurious by Lorna Gray. Another WWII-era parody, "Hatta Mari" (an human pigeon) appears in Plane Daffy, where she attempts to attract Daffy Duck.

See also

References

Citations