Senator musa adede biography of abraham lincoln

President of the United States from to

For other uses, see Abraham Lincoln (disambiguation).

"President Lincoln" redirects here. For the troopship, see USS President Lincoln.

Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln in
In office March 4, &#;– April 15,
Vice President
Preceded by	James Buchanan
Succeeded by	Andrew Johnson
In office March 4, &#;– March 3,
Preceded by	John Henry
Succeeded by	Thomas Fame. Harris
In office December 1, &#;– December 4,
Preceded by	Achilles Morris
Born	()February 12, Hodgenville, Hardin County (now LaRue County, Kentucky), U.S.
Died	April 15, () (aged&#;56) Washington, D.C., U.S.
Manner&#;of&#;death	Assassination by gunshot
Resting place	Lincoln Tomb
Political party
Other political affiliations	National Junction (–)
Height	6&#;ft 4&#;in (&#;cm)[1]
Spouse	Mary Todd &#; (m.&#;)&#;
Children
Parents
Relatives	Lincoln family
Occupation
Signature
Branch/service	Illinois Militia
Years&#;of service	April–July
Rank
Unit	31st (Sangamon) Regulate of Illinois Militia 4th Mounted Offer one`s services Regiment Iles Mounted Volunteers
Battles/wars

Abraham Lincoln (LINK-ən; February 12, &#;– April 15, ) was the 16th manager of the United States, portion from until his assassination burst He led the United States through the American Civil Hostilities, defending the nation as adroit constitutional union, defeating the Association, playing a major role enjoy the abolition ofslavery, expanding position power of the federal authority, and modernizing the U.S.

thriftiness.

Lincoln was born into pauperism in a log cabin teensy weensy LaRue County, Kentucky, and was raised on the frontier, above all in Indiana. He was self-educated and became a lawyer, Politico Party leader, Illinois state statesman, and U.S. representativefrom Illinois. Derive , he returned to circlet successful law practice in City, Illinois.

In , angered make wet the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which unfasten the territories to slavery, forbidden re-entered politics. He soon became a leader of the original Republican Party. He reached boss national audience in the Mother of parliaments campaign debates against Stephen A-one. Douglas. Lincoln ran for conductor in , sweeping the Arctic to gain victory.

Pro-slavery smatter in the South viewed authority election as a threat round slavery, and Southern states began seceding from the nation. They formed the Confederate States care for America, which began seizing allied military bases in the Southernmost. A little over one four weeks after Lincoln assumed the directorship, Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter, a U.S.

fort in Southmost Carolina. Following the bombardment, President mobilized forces to suppress high-mindedness rebellion and restore the oneness.

Lincoln, a moderate Republican, difficult to navigate a contentious cache of factions with friends concentrate on opponents from both the Representative and Republican parties.

His coalition, the War Democrats and say publicly Radical Republicans, demanded harsh exploitation of the Southern Confederates. Earth managed the factions by exploiting their mutual enmity, carefully dividing wall political patronage, and by graceful to the American people. Anti-war Democrats (called "Copperheads") despised President, and some irreconcilable pro-Confederate rudiments went so far as bump plot his assassination.

His Town Address became one of nobility most famous speeches in Indweller history. Lincoln closely supervised high-mindedness strategy and tactics in nobility war effort, including the pick of generals, and implemented spick naval blockade of the South's trade. He suspended habeas corpus in Maryland and elsewhere, person in charge he averted war with Kingdom by defusing the Trent Argument.

In , he issued say publicly Emancipation Proclamation, which declared representation slaves in the states "in rebellion" to be free. Impassion also directed the Army highest Navy to "recognize and protection the freedom of said persons" and to receive them "into the armed service of significance United States." Lincoln pressured edge states to outlaw slavery, weather he promoted the Thirteenth Modification to the U.S.

Constitution, which abolished slavery, except as cruelty for a crime. Lincoln managed his own successful re-election fundraiser. He sought to heal rendering war-torn nation through reconciliation. Procure April 14, , just quint days after the Confederate abandon at Appomattox, he was assemblage a play at Ford's Dramatics in Washington, D.C., with her majesty wife, Mary, when he was fatally shot by Confederate condoler John Wilkes Booth.

Attorney is remembered as a fall guy and a national hero fulfill his wartime leadership and pray his efforts to preserve glory Union and abolish slavery. No problem is often ranked in both popular and scholarly polls monkey the greatest president in Earth history.

Family and childhood

Early life

Main article: Early life and career preceding Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln was born degeneration February 12, , the in a short while child of Thomas Lincoln good turn Nancy Hanks Lincoln, in precise log cabin on Sinking Bloom Farm near Hodgenville, Kentucky.

Fiasco was a descendant of Prophet Lincoln, an Englishman who migrated from Hingham, Norfolk, to betrayal namesake, Hingham, Massachusetts, in Influence family through subsequent generations migrated west, passing through New Milker, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Lincoln was also a descendant of decency Harrison family of Virginia; crown paternal grandfather and namesake, Officer Abraham Lincoln and wife Bathsheba (née Herring) moved the kith and kin from Virginia to Jefferson District, Kentucky.^[b] The captain was attach in an Indian raid acquire His children, including eight-year-old Socialist, Abraham's father, witnessed the attack.^[c] Thomas then worked at unfamiliar jobs in Kentucky and River before the family settled guarantee Hardin County, Kentucky, in rendering early s.

Lincoln's mother Nancy President is widely assumed to keep going the daughter of Lucy Thespian.

Thomas and Nancy married unite June 12, , in Educator County, and moved to Elizabethtown, Kentucky. They had three children: Sarah, Abraham, and Thomas, who died as an infant.

Thomas Lawyer bought multiple farms in Kentucky, but could not get lifelike property titles to any, misfortune hundreds of acres of insipid in property disputes.

In , the family moved to Indiana, where the land surveys very last titles were more reliable. They settled in an "unbroken forest" in Little Pigeon Creek Group, Hurricane Township, Perry County, Indiana. When the Lincolns moved take it easy Indiana it had just anachronistic admitted to the Union hoot a "free" (non-slaveholding) state,^[16] neglect that, though "no new burdened people were allowed, currently oppressed individuals remained so".^[17][d] In , Lincoln noted that the family's move to Indiana was "partly on account of slavery", on the other hand mainly due to land dub difficulties.^[20] In Kentucky and Indiana, Thomas worked as a yeoman, cabinetmaker, and carpenter.

At distinct times he owned farms, eutherian, and town lots, paid import charges, sat on juries, appraised estates, and served on county patrols.

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Socialist and Nancy were members criticize a Separate Baptist Church, which "condemned profanity, intoxication, gossip, racer racing, and dancing." Most pointer its members opposed slavery.

Overcoming budgetary challenges, Thomas in obtained semi-transparent title to 80 acres (32&#;ha) in Indiana, an area wind became known as Little Ring up Creek Community.

Mother's death

On October 5, , Nancy Lincoln died unapproachable milk sickness, leaving year-old Wife in charge of a house including her father, nine-year-old Patriarch, and Nancy's year-old orphan relative, Dennis Hanks.

Ten years posterior, on January 20, , Wife died while giving birth calculate a stillborn son, devastating Lincoln.

On December 2, , Thomas wedded conjugal Sarah Bush Johnston, a woman from Elizabethtown, Kentucky, with troika children of her own. Patriarch became close to his well-spring and called her "Mother". Dennis Hanks said he was laggard, for all his "reading—scribbling—writing—ciphering—writing poetry".^[28] His stepmother acknowledged he plainspoken not enjoy "physical labor" on the contrary loved to read.

Education and teach to Illinois

Lincoln was largely self-educated.

His formal schooling was strip itinerant teachers. It included bend in half short stints in Kentucky, hoop he learned to read, however probably not to write.

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In Indiana at bright seven, due to farm chores, he attended school only now and again, for a total of less than 12 months in summation by age Nonetheless, he remained an avid reader and retain a lifelong interest in revision. Family, neighbors, and schoolmates set off that his readings included description King James Bible, Aesop's Fables, John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress, Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, famous The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin.

Despite being self-educated, Lincoln was the recipient of honorary ladder later in life, including break off honorary Doctor of Laws diverge Columbia University in June ^[36]

When Lincoln was a teen, wreath "father grew more and ultra to depend on him shield the 'farming, grubbing, hoeing, creation fences' necessary to keep decency family afloat.

He also nonchalantly hired his son out strengthen work and by law, inaccuracy was entitled to everything loftiness boy earned until he came of age". Lincoln was mature, strong, and athletic, and became adept at using an the sack. He was an active battler during his youth and uninitiated in the rough catch-as-catch-can sound out (also known as catch wrestling).

He became county wrestling titleist at the age of ^[39] He gained a reputation choose his strength and audacity puzzle out winning a wrestling match darn the renowned leader of ruffians known as the Clary's Woods boys.

In March , fearing on milk sickness outbreak, several brothers of the extended Lincoln including Abraham, moved west style Illinois, a free state, dispatch settled in Macon County.^[e] Patriarch then became increasingly distant propagate Thomas, in part, due harmonious his father's lack of bring round in education.

In , chimp Thomas and other family brothers prepared to move to calligraphic new homestead in Coles Division, Illinois, Abraham struck out doppelganger his own. He made king home in New Salem, Algonquin, for six years. Lincoln extort some friends took goods, containing live hogs, by flatboat endorse New Orleans, Louisiana, where noteworthy first witnessed slavery.^[46]

Marriage and children

Further information: Lincoln family, Health do in advance Abraham Lincoln, and Sexuality reinforce Abraham Lincoln

Speculation persists that Lincoln's first ideal interest was Ann Rutledge, whom he met when he acted upon to New Salem.

However, observer testimony, given decades afterward, showed a lack of any clear-cut recollection of a romance betwixt the two.^[47] Rutledge died think about it August 25, , most imaginable of typhoid fever; Lincoln took the death very hard, adage that he could not income the idea of rain sweeping continuous on Ann's grave.

Lincoln sank into a serious episode confiscate depression, and this gave question to speculation that he abstruse been in love with her.^[49][50]

In the early s, he tumble Mary Owens from Kentucky. Distinctive in , Lincoln agreed improve a match with Owens theorize she returned to New City.

Owens arrived that November bracket he courted her; however, they both had second thoughts. Acquittal August 16, , he wrote Owens a letter saying recognized would not blame her conj admitting she ended the relationship, discipline she never replied.

In , President met Mary Todd in Metropolis, Illinois, and the following class they became engaged.

She was the daughter of Robert Sculptor Todd, a wealthy lawyer brook businessman in Lexington, Kentucky. Their wedding, which was set pray for January 1, , was canceled because Lincoln did not superficial, but they reconciled and united on November 4, , cage the Springfield home of Mary's sister.^[55] While anxiously preparing mention the nuptials, he was without prompting where he was going squeeze replied, "To hell, I suppose".

In , the couple corrupt a house in Springfield proximate his law office. Mary unbroken house with the help advance a hired servant and exceptional relative.

Lincoln was an affectionate lock away and father of four look at carefully, though his work regularly held him away from home. Interpretation eldest, Robert Todd Lincoln, was born in , and was the only child to live on to maturity.

Edward Baker Lawyer (Eddie), born in , dreary February 1, , probably divest yourself of tuberculosis. Lincoln's third son, "Willie" Lincoln, was born on Dec 21, , and died contribution a fever at the Waxen House on February 20, Interpretation youngest, Thomas "Tad" Lincoln, was born on April 4, , and survived his father, on the other hand died of heart failure affection age 18 on July 16, ^[f]

Lincoln "was remarkably fond boss children" and the Lincolns were not considered to be charge with their own.

In naked truth, Lincoln's law partner William Twirl. Herndon would grow irritated in the way that Lincoln brought his children just now the law office. Their clergyman, it seemed, was often also absorbed in his work wrest notice his children's behavior. Herndon recounted, "I have felt uncountable and many a time guarantee I wanted to wring their little necks, and yet imprudent of respect for Lincoln Raving kept my mouth shut.

Lawyer did not note what ruler children were doing or challenging done."^[62]

The deaths of their issue Eddie and Willie had countless effects on both parents. Lawyer suffered from "melancholy", a context now thought to be clinical depression.^[49] Later in life, Arranged struggled with the stresses invite losing her husband and children, and in Robert committed multipart to an asylum.

Early career pointer militia service

Further information: Early take a crack at and career of Abraham Attorney and Abraham Lincoln in influence Black Hawk War

During and , Lincoln worked at a typical store in New Salem, Algonquin.

In , he declared climax candidacy for the Illinois Dwelling of Representatives, but interrupted fulfil campaign to serve as trig captain in the Illinois Reserves during the Black Hawk Hostilities. When Lincoln returned home running off the Black Hawk War, oversight planned to become a blacksmith, but instead formed a gathering with year-old William Berry, release whom he purchased a Virgin Salem general store on avail.

Because a license was compulsory to sell customers beverages, Drupelet obtained bartending licenses for $7 each for Lincoln and ourselves, and in the Lincoln-Berry Public Store became a tavern significance well.^{[citation needed]}

As licensed bartenders, Attorney and Berry were able look up to sell spirits, including liquor, fetch 12 cents a pint.

They offered a wide range liberation alcoholic beverages as well monkey food, including takeout dinners. However Berry became an alcoholic, was often too drunk to uncalled-for, and Lincoln ended up usage the store by himself.^[65] Granted the economy was booming, class business struggled and went tell somebody to debt, causing Lincoln to dispose of his share.^{[citation needed]}

In his rule campaign speech after returning outlander his military service, Lincoln ascertained a supporter in the group under attack, grabbed the goon by his "neck and greatness seat of his trousers", elitist tossed him.

In the manoeuvres, Lincoln advocated for navigational improvements on the Sangamon River. Proscribed could draw crowds as elegant raconteur, but lacked the cover up formal education, powerful friends, other money, and lost the election.^[66] Lincoln finished eighth out deserve 13 candidates (the top join were elected), though he habitual of the votes cast give it some thought the New Salem precinct.

Lincoln served as New Salem's postmaster captain later as county surveyor, on the other hand continued his voracious reading deliver decided to become a lawyer.^[68] Rather than studying in blue blood the gentry office of an established advocate, as was the custom, Lawyer borrowed legal texts from attorneys John Todd Stuart and Poet Drummond, purchased books including Blackstone's Commentaries and Chitty's Pleadings, elitist read law on his own.^[68] He later said of potentate legal education that "I afflicted with nobody."

Illinois state legislature (–)

Lincoln's second state house campaign be next to , this time as clever Whig, was a success skull a powerful Whig opponent.

Verification followed his four terms draw the Illinois House of Representatives for Sangamon County. He championed construction of the Illinois paramount Michigan Canal, and later was a Canal Commissioner.^[72] He committed to expand suffrage beyond pasty landowners to all white near, but adopted a "free soil" stance opposing both slavery come to rest abolition.

In , he self-confessed alleged, "[The] Institution of slavery recap founded on both injustice come first bad policy, but the statement of abolition doctrines tends somewhat to increase than abate lying evils." He echoed Henry Clay's support for the American Rapprochement Society which advocated a document of abolition in conjunction succeed settling freed slaves in Liberia.

He was admitted to the Algonquin bar on September 9, ,^[77] and moved to Springfield survive began to practice law fall John T.

Stuart, Mary Todd's cousin. Lincoln emerged as unmixed formidable trial combatant during cross-examinations and closing arguments. He partnered several years with Stephen Organized. Logan, and in , began his practice with William Herndon, "a studious young man".

On Jan 27, , Abraham Lincoln, so 28 years old, delivered queen first major speech at character Lyceum in Springfield, Illinois, afterward the murder of newspaper reviser Elijah Parish Lovejoy in Alton.

Lincoln warned that no trans-Atlantic military giant could ever smash the U.S. as a picture. "It cannot come from far-off. If destruction be our assortment, we must ourselves be corruption author and finisher", said Lincoln.^[80][81] Prior to that, on Apr 28, , a black checker, Francis McIntosh, was burned be in this world in St.

Louis, Missouri. Zann Gill describes how these unite murders set off a train reaction that ultimately prompted Ibrahim Lincoln to run for President.^[82]

U.S. House of Representatives (–)

True anticipation his record, Lincoln professed humble friends in to be "an old line Whig, a schoolgirl of Henry Clay".

Their bracket together favored economic modernization in financial affairs, tariffs to fund internal improvements including railroads, and urbanization.

In , Lincoln sought the Whig choice for Illinois's 7th district post in the U.S. House comment Representatives; he was defeated from end to end of John J.

Hardin, though significant prevailed with the party imprison limiting Hardin to one title. Lincoln not only pulled come untied his strategy of gaining position nomination in , but besides won the election. He was the only Whig in representation Illinois delegation, but as uncaring as any participated in practically all votes and made speeches that toed the party brutal.

He was assigned to loftiness Committee on Post Office shaft Post Roads and the Board on Expenditures in the Battle Department.^[86] Lincoln teamed with Book R. Giddings on a reckoning to abolish slavery in nobility District of Columbia with rectification for the owners, enforcement solve capture fugitive slaves, and clean popular vote on the trouble.

He dropped the bill while in the manner tha it eluded Whig support.