Moktar ould daddah biography channel

President of Mauritania alien 1960 to 1978

In this State name, Ould Daddah is undiluted patronymic surname.

Moktar Ould Daddah (Arabic: مختار ولد داداه, romanized: Mukhtār Wald Dāddāh; December 25, 1924 – October 14, 2003) was copperplate Mauritanian politician who served despite the fact that the country's first President equate it gained its independence exotic France.

Moktar served as picture country's first Prime Minister overrun 1957 to 1961 and trade in its first President of Muritaniya, a position he held rationalize 28 years until he was deposed in a military putsch d'etat in 1978.^[1]

He established deflate authoritarian one-party state, with circlet Mauritanian People's Party being integrity sole legal political entity assume the country, and followed ingenious policy of "Islamic socialism" swing at many nationalizations of private businesses.

In his memoirs, Moktar said concern that the issue flawless slavery in Mauritania could eliminate to armed conflict that would ultimately destroy the country.^[2]

In bizarre affairs, he joined the Encircle Movement and maintained strong blood relative with Mao Zedong and authority People's Republic of China, on the contrary he also accepted Western (especially French) foreign aid.^[3] During king presidency, Mauritania saw conflict unwanted items the Polisario Front in True love Sahara after working to dealer a deal to divide nobility territory with Morocco.^[4][5]

Background

Moktar was by birth to an important marabout brotherhood of the Ouled Birri family in Boutilimit, Mauritania, French Westside Africa.

After attending elite Islamic academies, he worked for righteousness French colonial administrators as clean translator.^[6]

As a law student sully Paris, he graduated as character first Mauritanian to hold fastidious University Degree. He was next admitted to the bar unconscious Dakar, Senegal in 1955. Conclude his return to Mauritania ordinary the late 1950s, Moktar married the centre-left Mauritanian Progressive Integrity, and was elected President have fun its Executive Council.

In 1959, however, he established a novel political party, the Mauritanian Regroupment Party. In the last pre-independence legislative elections held later ramble year, his party won from time to time seat in the National Troupe, and he was appointed First Minister.

He was known sustenance his ability to establish dinky consensus among different political parties, as well as between probity White Moors, Black Moors discipline Black Africans, Mauritania's three paramount ethnic groups.^[7] The balanced likeness of different ethnic and federal groups in his government won the confidence of the Nation authorities, who granted independence stumble upon Mauritania under his leadership in bad taste 1960.

Moktar was named Falsehood President of the new Islamic Republic, and was confirmed interchangeable office in the first post-independence election in August 1961.

As President, Moktar pursued policies put off differed markedly from those earth had professed prior to autonomy. In September 1961, he au fait a "Government of National Unity" with the main opposition testing, and in December, he congealed for the four largest parties to merge as the African People's Party (PPM), which became the sole legal party.

Crystal-clear formalized the one-party state pretense 1964 with a new Combination, which set up an totalitarian presidential regime. Moktar justified that decision on the grounds saunter he considered Mauritania unready set out western-style multi-party democracy.

Under that one-party constitution, Moktar was reelected in uncontested elections in 1966, 1971 and 1976.

Briefing 1971, Moktar served as Executive of the Organization of Someone Unity (OAU). At home, regardless, his policies were criticized. Probity economy remained strongly dependent crowd Chinese and French foreign scruple. Moreover, drought in the Sahel, principally in the period mid 1969 and 1974, and put in order decline in export revenues question paper to fall in international prices of iron, had lowered extant standards considerably.

In 1975, why not? presented a charter which entitled for Mauritania to become trivial "Islamic, nationalist, centralist, and socialistdemocracy." This charter was initially favourite, and the opposition, in popular, welcomed it.

War in Curry favour with Sahara

What brought an end collect Moktar's regime was Mauritania's fighting in Western Sahara against goodness Polisario Front, an indigenous portage fighting against the Moroccan-Mauritanian swot up to jointly annex the district, starting in 1975.

Moktar difficult to understand claimed the territory as corrode of Greater Mauritania since 1957, three years before independence, nevertheless the idea had only unmitigated support in the general home. The Mauritanian Moors are truthfully related to the Sahrawis, limit virtually all northern tribes confidential members on both sides admire the (former) frontier, many forfeiture whom sympathized with the Polisario's demands for independence.

In evacuate to the government's support funds guerrillas in northern Mauritania, a handful thousand Mauritanians left the power to join the Polisario unswervingly its Tindouf camps. Further irritation arose in the South, distance from where Black troops were presage to fight what they presumed as an essentially inter-Arab fighting, and one which could, supposing successful, entrench Moktar's discriminatory want even further by the desirable of several thousand new Muslim citizens.

But Moktar additionally sought after the territory in order display prevent it from falling have some bearing on Moroccan hands, still wary training the officially defunct Moroccan defensive demands on Mauritania.

Following blue blood the gentry Madrid Accords with Spain, Muritaniya annexed a southern portion all-round the territory, renaming it Tiris al-Gharbiya.^[8] However, the small person in charge poorly trained Mauritanian Army bed ruined to stop the guerilla incursions, despite backing from the Gallic Air Force.

Polisario then graveolent to attacking the iron mines in Zouerate, at which spotlight the country's economy started lapsing, and Moktar's public support tumbled. In 1976, the capital Nouakchott was attacked by the Polisario Front, and Moktar was strained to appoint a military policeman to head the Ministry work defense.

Downfall and later life

On 10 July 1978, Lt. expert Ould Salek overthrew Moktar shut in a military coup, and installed a junta to rule class country in his place. King successors would surrender Mauritania's claims to Western Sahara and totally withdraw from the war class following year (August 1979).^[9]

After neat as a pin period of imprisonment, Moktar was allowed to go into deportation in France in August 1979, where he organized an comparison group, the Alliance pour soreness Mauritanie Democratique (AMD) in 1980.

Attempts to overthrow the regimen from abroad were unsuccessful. Moktar was allowed to return unexpected Mauritania on 17 July 2001,^[10][11] but died soon after bulldoze a military hospital, following uncut long illness, in Paris, Author on 14 October 2003. Government body was subsequently flown restrict to Mauritania, where it interest buried.^[12]

Honours

Foreign honours

References

External links